The Significance of John in Brave New World :: Brave New World

The Significance of hind end in Brave New World   In Brave New World, there ar three societies the civilized society of Bernard and Mustapha Mond, the savage society of John and Linda, and the old society, which is not explicitly in the book but is described by the characters. These societies argon vastly different. The old society is 20th century Western society the civilized society creates people and conditions them for happiness and stability and the savage society is really far behind the civilized society technologically, and is very religious. John is a very important character in the novel because he represents the link amongst all three of these societies. Johns mother was created in the civilized society and lived there until John was accidentally conceived. She had to move to the savage society, and John was born and raised there. John had a connection to civilized society from an early age from hearing stories from his mother. He also came across a book of Shake speare and by reading it, in condition(p) about old society. These however, are just preliminary connections for the bridges that will soon be built.   The adult John comes to civilized society as an audition by Marx and Mond to see how a savage would adapt to civilization. Frankly, he does not adapt very well. He is appalled by the lifestyle and ideas of civilized people, and gets himself into a lot of trouble by denouncing civilization. He loves Lenina very more than, but gets very upset at her when she wants to have sex with him. He physically attacks her, and from that point on does not want to have anything to do with her. When his mother dies, he interferes with the death conditioning of children by being sad. Finally, his frustrations with the civilized world become too much for him and he decides to take action. He tries to be a sort of a Messiah to a group of Deltas, trying to free them from the effect of soma. He tells them provided the truth, but it is not the tr uth that the Deltas have been conditioned to believe, so to them it is a violent lie and they begin to cause a riot. When the riot is subdued, John is grasp and taken to have a talk with Mustapha Mond.   This talk with Mustapha Mond is very enlightening for John, and it creates his connection with the old society.

Clubfoot Essay -- essays research papers

CLUBFOOT Clubfoot is defined as a congenital foot deformity characterized by a kidney do foot that turns in and points down. The forefoot is curved inward, the heel is bent inward, and the ankle is fixed in planter flexion with the toes pointing down. Shortened tendons on the inside of the lower leg, together with abnormally shaped bones that restrict movement outwards cause the foot to turn inwards. A tightened achilles tendon causes the foot to point downwards. The medical term for clubfoot is clubfoot equinovarus . It is the most common congenital disorder of the lower extremity. There are several variations, that talipes equinovarus being the most common. Clubfeet occurs in approximately 1 in every 800-1000 babies, being twice as common in boys than girls. One or both feet may be affected. The history of clubfeet began as uttermost back as 400 B.C. Hipocrates was the first to describe it. He used bandages to treat it. As time progressed so did the treatment methods. In about 1743 tranquillize stretching was recommended. During that same century, a mechanical device resembling a turnbuckle was used to help stretch the tendons. By this time clubfoot was pretty well cognise around the world, using the typical stretching and splinting methods. In the 1800s plaster of paris was first introduced, and later that same century, the introduction of aseptic technique and anasthesia diminished, but not eliminated infection. As...

Tom Robinson’s Conviction in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essays

Tom Robinsons Conviction in Harper Lees To cancel out A Mockingbird Harper Lees To overcome A Mockingbird is an almost faultless representation of how the white word dominated the black word in the South. The novel shows that a white somebodys word, no matter how faulted, was more readily accepted than any black persons word. Allowing a Negros word to be accepted over white word would make southern society less secure in its assumed superiority.The southern superiority over Negroes had existed since the judgment of conviction of the slave trade and continued after the emancipation, out of fear. As long as Negroes were considered property, they were protected by their value. Following the abolition of legal slavery, their economic shield vanished, and the southern white population feared their infiltration with society. Out of fear came hate in the white southern community. Organizations reflecting their hate were created, such as the Ku Klux Klan. Lynchings, unjustified con victions, and staring(a) economic oppression were all part of Negro-life in the south between 1925-1935.With the Stock Market Crash in October of 1929 the United States suffered severe economic falloff. With the climax of many mills and plants, unemployment skyrocketed. The economic collapse was painful to all communities, but to the blacks of the South who were already severely oppressed, it was devastating. Farming communities, which were already in a depression before the crash, went hungry and rarely had surplus crop to sell for profit. Crop prices fell nearly 50% between 1929 and 1930. During the depression it was nearly impossible for blacks to stupefy work because unemployed whites were chosen over blacks no matter what their qualific... ...ession, and Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird is an accurate example of how the historical South treated blacks with severe prejudice. Works CitedCarter, Dan T. Scottsboro A Tragedy of the American South. Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press, 1969.Chalmers, Allan K. They Shall Be Free. Garden City Doubleday & Company, 1951.Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia Warner Books, 1960.Ransdell, Hollace. The First Scottsboro Trials (April, 1931) . The First Scottsboro Trials (April, 1931). 27 May 1931. American Civil Liberties Union. 11 March 2001. <http//www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_HRrep.htmlREPORT ON THE SCOTTSBORO, ALA..Vassel, Olive. The Scottsboro Boys. The Scottsboro Boys. . AFRO-Americ. 11 March 20001. <http//www.afroam.org/ memoir/scott/scotts.html.

The Legendary Camelot :: Camelot

The Legendary Camelot This king lay at Camelot one Christmastide With many mighty lords, potent liegemen, Members rightly reckoned of the Round Table, In splendid celebration, seemly and carefree (Stone 22). This is the only time that Camelot, home of the Arthurian legends, is mentioned in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The fourteenth-century poem seemingly gives no clue as to the location of the castle of King Arthur (Alcock 15). According to the Encyclopedia Brittannica, the real Camelot is to be found at a number of locations Camelot, in Arthurian legend, was the seat of King Arthurs court. It is variously identified with Caerlon, Monmouthshire, in Wales, and in England, with the following Queen Camel, Somerset the lit tle town of Camelford, Cornwall Winchester, Hampshire, and, especially since archaeological

antitrust :: essays research papers

antimonopoly truths protect competition, which is said to benefit consumers with better products at lower prices. The U.S. Department of arbiter (jurist) and attorney generals from 20 states has filed antitrust lawsuits against Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), the worlds largest supplier of computer softw atomic number 18 for personal computers (PCs) in the United States. Microsoft is accused of allegedly violating sections 1 and 2 of The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. Section 1 of the Sherman Act outlaws every contract, combination, or conspiracy, in restraint of condescension." The Supreme Court has since then decided that the Sherman Act prohibits besides those contracts or agreements that restrain trade unreasonably. What kinds of agreements are unreasonable is up to the courts. Section 2 of the Sherman Act makes it unlawful for a company to "monopolize, or attempt to monopolize," trade or commerce. As that law has been interpreted, it is not necessarily illega l for a company to have a monopoly or to try to achieve a monopoly position. The law is violated still if the company tries to maintain or acquire a monopoly position through tactics that either unreasonably exclude firms from the market or significantly impair their ability to compete. The DOJ feels that Microsoft has a monopoly in the field of personal computer operating systems (OSs) and that they are engaging in anticompetitive head. Microsofts "Windows" operating systems are used in over 80% of PCs. More than 90% of new PCs are shipped with a version of Windows pre-installed. According to the DOJ," PC manufacturers have no commercially reasonable alternative to Microsoft operating systems for the PCs that they distribute." Other firms do exist in the operating system market for example, IBM, Oracle, Sun Apple, AT&T, Hewlett Packard, Wang, Be, Linux, Dec, Gem, and others. These firms may only have 10-20% of the market share for PCs operating systems but they do have some share of the market. This proves that Microsoft is not the only seller of operating systems as the DOJ claims. The DOJs complaint states that, "To protect its valuable Windows monopoly against potential competitive threats, and to extend its operating system monopoly into other software markets, Microsoft has engaged in a series of anticompetitive activities. Microsofts conduct includes agreements tying other Microsoft software products to Microsofts Windows operating system exclusionary agreements precluding companies from distributing, promoting, buying, or using products of Microsofts software competitors or potential competitor and exclusionary agreements restricting the right of companies to provide work or resources to Microsofts software competitors or potential competitors.

antitrust :: essays research papers

Antitrust laws protect competition, which is said to benefit consumers with better products at lower prices. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and attorney generals from 20 states has filed antitrust lawsuits against Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), the worlds largest supplier of computer software for personal computers (PCs) in the United States. Microsoft is acc utilize of allegedly violating sections 1 and 2 of The Sherman Antitrust be active of 1890. Section 1 of the Sherman Act outlaws every contract, combination, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade." The Supreme Court has since then decided that the Sherman Act prohibits only those contracts or agreements that restrain trade unreasonably. What kinds of agreements are un probable is up to the courts. Section 2 of the Sherman Act makes it unlawful for a company to "monopolize, or attempt to monopolize," trade or commerce. As that law has been interpreted, it is not necessarily illegal for a company to allow a monopoly or to try to achieve a monopoly position. The law is break only if the company tries to maintain or acquire a monopoly position through tactics that either unreasonably exclude firms from the market or importantly impair their ability to compete. The DOJ feels that Microsoft has a monopoly in the field of personal computer operating systems (OSs) and that they are engaging in anticompetitive conduct. Microsofts "Windows" operating systems are used in over 80% of PCs. More than 90% of new PCs are shipped with a version of Windows pre-installed. According to the DOJ," PC manufacturers have no commercially reasonable alternative to Microsoft operating systems for the PCs that they distribute." Other firms do exist in the operating system market for example, IBM, Oracle, Sun Apple, AT&T, Hewlett Packard, Wang, Be, Linux, Dec, Gem, and others. These firms may only have 10-20% of the market share for PCs operating systems but they do have some share of the m arket. This proves that Microsoft is not the only seller of operating systems as the DOJ claims. The DOJs bearing states that, "To protect its valuable Windows monopoly against potential competitive threats, and to extend its operating system monopoly into other software markets, Microsoft has engaged in a series of anticompetitive activities. Microsofts conduct includes agreements tie other Microsoft software products to Microsofts Windows operating system exclusionary agreements precluding companies from distributing, promoting, buying, or using products of Microsofts software competitors or potential competitor and exclusionary agreements restricting the right of companies to provide services or resources to Microsofts software competitors or potential competitors.

Ensuring Children’s Safety Essay

News headlines about the heinous parent acts against children such as abuse, assault and rape are more than than just disturbing. They are shocking. Most of us cant imagine what would make adult use violence against children, and the worse the behavior is, the more inconceivable it seems. It is barely right that we bring forth the issue of these despicable acts. Protecting children from harm and violence is not just the duty of the authorities concerned. Society has to lean its part as well.For starters, action needs to begin with neighbors. Neighbors must be vigilant for the warning signs of abused children like shrinking away when an adult approaches, right physical injuries and children frequently plays in the street, unsupervised. They need to watch out for children often stay outside their house because the children may be hurt or afraid(p) of their parents. Besides, neighbors should report their concern to the proper authorities like police and Child Protective Services (C PS) so that preventive measures can be taken in time.Other than that, the government should keep children safe within their own families. The government should give heavy penalty to parents as a warning to alert them on the heavy offence of child abuse. Besides, the government should carry out a campaign on child abuse to strengthen family ties. Moreover, the CPS should visit every house to promote the integrity of the family, protect children from harm and assure the needs and rights of children to live in a healthful situation.Lastly, schools should place special emphasis on child safety education. Programs on safety should be held from time to time to educate them on the seriousness of child abuse. Moreover, schools should organize caring school programs to booster build childrens self-esteem and teach them about respect among peers and the others so that they can behave well and learn about healthy relationship.In a nutshell, family violence and child abuse is on the increase. The cause of which is a breakdown in the family structure. A safe place for childrento live and grow can only be realized when all parties, including schools, communities and the authorities work together to help reduce the cases of child abuse.

Research methodology Essay

There are several types of research methodology, however this discourse is mainly cogitate on what would be described as a case study, since its primary effort is to review the potential that Pepsi Saudi would emerge from its decision to implement poise Scorecard as a winner. So this will use both vicenary and qualitative research framework . This section will outline the qualitative and decimal research methods, the case study research method, and the questionnaire research method.QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Usually quantitative research employs the method that is based on interrogation of theories.It uses measurement of numbers, and statistical analysis to perform its studies. The idea behind quantitative research is often to ascertain that a generalized scheme or the divination of a theory will be confirmed by using quantitative method. So it starts with the hypothesis and the theories that requires to be tested. The approach of quantitative research embarrass the u se of instruments, commonly formal and generally recognized instruments. It is conducts experiments with an underlying expectation that a consensus would be arrived at. It usually aims to arrive at a predictablegeneralization, and it would ordinarily have a causal explanation.It can control and manipulate the subject, with deduction and analysis. The idea is really to establish consensus by reducing data to numerical indications. So the goal of quantitative research is the determination a given prediction, it wants to see that such generalization could be verified or confirmed. In general the quantitative methodology assumes that there is an accusing reality which is independent of the person doing the research, it also takes the position that the subject of study can be done in an objective manner.The police detective moldiness maintain independence from the research object. And the research is non expected to be value affected. In other words the researcher must make sure tha t he or she does not become a part of the research. This is known as being value free of the research itself. The quantitative methodology tests cause and effect by using deductive logic. When done correctly a quantitative research should be able to predict, and explain the theory in question. (Obrien 1998).TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH There are generally three different types of quantitative research, experimental research,qausi -experimental research, and surveys.EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH In experimental research, the researcher is active, as opposed to a passive agent who simply observes. The researcher is able to manipulate the subject that is being studied, or at least just about part of the subject that is being studied. Also experimental research entails that the research must use some kind of control in the research process, usually a control group would be one of the parts of experimental research. Also the researcher would apply random selection to the control group.The re search applies manipulative element to some of the subjects under study precisely he will not apply the same manipulation to other subjects. So the research uses what is known as placebo in some of the experimental subjects, and not in others. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Quasi-experimental research does not use the control random system that experimental research uses, barely it can manipulate some independent variables. So in order to five authenticity to the result of the quasi-experimental research, the researcher can implement some controls, but he does not use random system.SURVEYS Surveys uses cross- sections or longitudinal studies, and questionnaires in its research. It uses data and conducts interviews with the aim of making an estimation about the given subject of study. Surveys does not involve experimental interventions. Survey are considered advantageous because it could be utilize to study many subjects, in many topics. Also the information garnered from surveys cou ld be used for different purposes. Although surveys are usually expensive, but they are considered economical because the results could be applied to various things. (Polit 1989).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Confessions: A Review Essay

In Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Rousseau seeks to explain who he is by trying to paint layer by layer, a portrait of himself, without lacking(p) any details and having his end product being interpreted by his readers. Rousseau was born into a lower class family, part of the commons, in a childhood mixed with medieval and modern values and lifestyles. Rousseau was a product of a mother and father who married out of love, being born into a atomic family rather than the traditional big family of the medieval times. His mother passed away at Rousseaus birth and even though his father abandoned him at a young age, he still had a close congenership to Rousseau for he thought him how to read. As Rousseau grew older, he became independent and begun an apprenticeship as an engraver.In his confessions, he reveals an arrest of being beaten at the age of 11 by a much-loved female nanny twice his ageand desiring to be beaten again, which he evaluates as being his admission into the world of adult sexuality. Rousseau does not agree with the medieval traditions of corporal punishment. He believes beating children will lead them to become mischievous, sneaky, and sexual deviances. Rousseaus intended audience was made for the general public of Europe to read. He wanted to express his individualism and try to get his audience to know his straightforward self. Rousseau also wanted the public to know all his secrets and love him regardless so he can establish the personal bonds which he describes were stripped by money, the money you have gives you freedom.The money you pursue enslaves you. Given that man contributes his mutual consent to money as a store of value in a society, Rousseau believes money has both positive and negative traits. He states that money is virtuous since it gives an individual independence but goes on to also state that money brings the mischief of breaking personal bonds. Moreover, the significance and effects of The Confessions reaches tow ard the emphasis of discipline and upbringing of children.Rousseau tells his audience how childhood experiences can carry psychologically into adulthood, especially in relation to the development of sexuality and deviance. The Confessions influenced society to change. Even though some members where not comfortable with this change Rousseau had regardless already brought upon the ideas which reformed the way of many individuals sentry and thinking towards their families, children, money, personal bonds, private properties, etc.

What Was the Story Behind Mississippi Burning

The Mississippi accomplished make ups proles murders involved the 1964 kill of three political activists during the American Civil Rights Move ment. The murders of James Chaney, a 21-year-old barren man from Meridian, Mississippi Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old white Jewish anthropology student from New York and Michael Schwerner, a 24-year-old white Jewish CORE organizer and former social worker also from New York, symbolized the risks of participating in the Civil Rights Movement in the South during what became known as Freedom Summer, dedicated to voter registration.The lynching of the three young men occurred shortly after midnight on June 21, 1964, when they went to investigate the burning of a church that supported genteel rights activity. James Chaney was a local anaesthetic Freedom Movement activist in Meridian, Michael Schwerner was a CORE organizer from New York, and Andrew Goodman, also from New York, was a Freedom Summer volunteer. The three men had just finished wee k-long training on the campus of Western College for Women in Oxford, Ohio, regarding strategies on how to register blacks to vote.After getting a haircut from a black barber in Meridian, the three men headed to Longdale, Mississippi, 50 miles away in Neshoba County, in order to inspect the ruins of Mount Zion United Methodist Church. The church, a meeting place for civil rights groups, had been burned just five days earlier. Aware that their station wagons license number had been given to members of the notorious snow-clad Citizens Council and Ku Klux Klan, before leaving Meridian they apprised former(a) Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) workers of their plans and set check-in times in accordance with standard security procedures.Late that afternoon, Neshoba County deputy Cecil Price himself a member of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan stopped the blue Ford carrying the trio. He arrested Chaney for allegedly driving 35 miles per hour over the speed limit. He also b ooked Goodman and Schwerner, for investigation. Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney were all denied reverberate calls during their time at the jail. COFO workers made attempts to find the three men, but when they called the Neshoba County jail, the secretary followed her instructions to lie and told the workers the three young men were not there.During the hours they were held incommunicado in jail, Price notified his Klan associates who assembled and planned how to kill the three civil rights workers. While awaiting their release, the men were given a dinner of spoonbread, green peas, potatoes and salad. When the Klan ambush was set up on the road back to Meridian, Chaney was fined $20, and the three men were ordered to leave the county. Price followed them to the edge of town, and then pulled them over with his police siren. He held them until the Klan murder squad arrived.They were taken to an isolated spot where James Chaney was beaten and all three were shot to death. Their car w as driven into Bogue Chitto swamp and set on fire, and their bodies were buried in an earthen dam. In June 2000, the autopsy report that had been previously withheld from the 1967 trial was released. The report stated Chaney had a left arm broken in one place, a right arm broken in two places, a marked disruption of the left elbow joint and may also have suffered trauma to the seawall area.A pathologist who examined the bodies at the families request following their autopsies noted Chaney also had a broken jaw and a crushed right shoulder which were not mentioned in the autopsy report. As the autopsy photographs and X-Rays had been destroyed, the injuries could not be confirmed. Reaction The national uproar caused by the disappearance of the civil rights workers led President Lyndon Johnson to might J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI to investigate the case. Hoovers antipathy to civil rights groups caused him to resist until Johnson used indirect threats of political reprisals.During the investigation, searchers including Navy divers and the FBI discovered the bodies of at least seven other Mississippi blacks, whose disappearances over the past several years had not attracted attention outside their local communities. The disappearance of the three activists captured national attention for six weeks until their bodies were found. Johnson and civil rights activists used the outrage over their deaths in their efforts to bring about the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed July 2, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Daycare Observation of Toddlers Essay

In todays working society, upgrades need to rely on quality dayc be for their chelaren. However, finding a daycare that will make to nurture each childs unique qualities and create a work environment that encourages professionalism, growth, and diversity can be stressful for a parent because of the realization of how important this decision may be.A daycare teacher must focus on many different areas to provide a developmentally appropriate curriculum for young children. As a teacher in a toddler room, my girlfriend Christine needfully to communicate to her peers, children and parents on a periodical basis both verbally and non-verbally.As I entered the room, early this morning, I find five children, each of them doing his or her individual thing. About 70 per centum of children, at this toddler age, have a vocabulary consisting of 50 to 250 words (Ginny Graves, 2003) however, only one of them spoke when I entered the room. at one time the two females of the room noticed me, th ey immediately stopped what they were doing and looked at me in a disapproving way. One of the females hid behind the shelf, exposing only her part of her face, age the other turned her back to me to stretch forth playing in the dramatic play sand box.As for the three boys, they seemed content, as if I were not a foreign object in the room. The instal of twins waved to me as if to say Welcome to our room while the third boy state Hi with a big smile. I previously met the ensnare of male twins on a recent previous trip from a hardly a(prenominal) days ago therefore, the warm welcome from the boys was expected. As I said, Hello friends to the children of the room, Christine immediately said Hello Pete, along with a big wave and smile to give example to the children.After taking a few steps into the room, I was asked to bend down so that I was at there level. Christine began to associate me with a take in of myself, which is posted on the closet gateway at the toddlers eye level by saying, Friends, we know Pete, he is in the picture. Christine held the hands of the two females and brought them over to the picture and pointed to the picture of me and asked, Do you see Pete in the picture? One of the girls pointed reluctantly and the other bowed her head as in an uninterested manner.A few minutes into the observation and it was snack time, soundly at least to one of the twins it was. The boy was pointing to where they keep the snacks so Christine bent down to his level and began to say You are pointing to the cabinet, does this mean you want snack? The boy grunted as if to say yes. Christine said, Yes you are right, it is time for snack, but what do we do right before snack? Once the rest of the children heard this, they began to jump up and down to show their appreciation of snack time. The children understood what had to be done by placing his or her hands in the air. Thats right. We need to wash our hands first before we eat.Christine gave each toddler one direction at a time as to not overload them. She asked that they stand in a line in front of the sink so each of them could wash their hands, independently reinforcing with word labels as to how the child is washing his or her hands. She then played a game with them to find their appropriate place at the table. For each child, she asked them to sit in a colored chair that she announces for them to sit in, and then repeat back to her the color this seating arrangement changes daily so that they learn their colors and as well as how to appropriately say them. This exercise helped them with speaking to others at a proper tone by not shouting.Once they all sat, she gave each child the option for apple juice or cranberry juice. Only one boy was able to make the decision on his own using words while the other grunted and pointed. As one of the females finished her first sip, she said the word cold. Whenever a child uses telegraphic speech, it is highly recommended for the instructor t o reiterate what was said by the child in complete form (Michael K. Meyerhoff, 2002). Christine said, Thats right. The juice is cold. Can everyone say cold? What else is cold?The snack chosen by Christine was a common snack consisting of Gold fish and craisins. As the children began to eat the snack, there was one disapproving member of the bunch. This child immediately tossed her plate on the cornerstone to show she was not satisfied with her snack. Christine immediately displayed her disapproval of this childrens action by saying toher Please use your words. We do not throw the craisins on the floor. They are for eating. This child acknowledge what she heard by trying to speak the word Sorry. Once the children were finished eating, they were notified that they would be going right(prenominal) in 10 minutes. Again, the children showed their appreciation by jumping up and down in excitement.Toddlers communicate with a combination of grunts and gestures as a preferred rule of comm unicating. Understanding what the toddler is attempting to communicate, through these combinations, comes with time, dedication, understanding and patience.Spending just a short amount of time sheds new light as to why Christine needs a few minutes alone to herself when she arrives home. All day long she has keep all her non-verbal communication positive in front of the children for eight hours a day this includes showing her pearly whites in the room even when she wakes up on the wrong side of the bed (Christine, personal communication, August 19, 2005).ReferencesGinny Graves (2003, April). Parents cartridge holder Toddler TalkMichael K. Meyerhoff (2002, April v20) Pediatrics for ParentsPerspectives on Parenting Communication and language acquisition skills in toddlers. P8(2)

Johnson & Johnson Global Business Environment

Johnson & Johnson Successfully Strategizing for the Changing Global Business Environment I. Introduction Johnson & Johnson is the worlds largest healthc ar beau monde. Founded in the United States in 1886, the company has been profit fitted for 75 heterosexual years and currently operates 250 subsidiary companies in 57 countries. Its products fall into three segments pharmaceutics, with 39% of total sales medical exam checkup guiles and diagnostics, with 36% and consumer products, with 25%. Additionally, the company employs 119,200 race worldwide and sells its products in 175 countries.A truly globular corporation, Johnson & Johnson has securely positioned itself to oercome the challenges its ever-changing business environment poses, as intumesce as take return of the opportunities presented. With a focus primarily on Johnson & Johnsons pharmaceutical segment, this paper seeks to explore the complex multi discipline environment within which the company operates as well as th e opportunities and flagellums that the environment poses. Next, the paper forget analyze Johnson & Johnsons current positioning, describing its value-chain and warlike positioning.The paper will close by evaluating how Johnson & Johnson both can seize these opportunities to determine the goals of the company. II. Analyzing the Environment In industries as competitive as pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer goods, analyzing the environment is vital for being able to carry sound strategic decisions. Since Johnson & Johnson strives to anticipate the immaterial factors that carry on its international business environment, as well as adapt to those switch overs, it is important that it understands the environment in which it is operating.The two sets of external forces that face the company be competitive and contextual. A. Competitive Environments Five Forces Model Michael Porters five forces model provides a way of analyzing Johnson & Johnsons competitive environment . Due to a privation of available information about the dicker power of suppliers as it applies to Johnson & Johnson, this paper will address the four other forces the threat of crude entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers, and the rivalry among industry competitors. 1. The Threat of New Entrants High Barriers to EntryThe threat of new entrants is not of particular concern to Johnson & Johnson. Barriers to entry, particularly in the industries of pharmaceuticals and medical devices, ar extremely high if not unsurpassable. The worlds top pharmaceutical companies necessitate extensive manufacturing capabilities, distribution systems, and economies of scale that wear been built up over decades and would be virtually impossible for a new entrant to replicate. These top firms also demand transp arnts that protect their current products, as well as naturalized research pipelines that en confident(predicate) the continual development of new product s.Also, they start out strong brand identifys and large marketing budgets with which to defend them. Finally, the exceptionally high capital requirements for founding a pharmaceutical company and the sharp retaliation that new entrants could contain from the established competitors render the threat of new entrants real low. The medical device industry has similarly high barriers to entry. While entering the consumer goods market is easier, relatively, the vast number of competitors makes this industry very competitive, thus a strong brand name is vital for standing out.As the worlds most respected company according to Barron Magazine, new entrants to the consumer goods market do not pose a threat to Johnson & Johnson. 2. The Threat of Substitutes The Rise of Generics The threat of substitutes is much to a greater extent than puzzleatic than that of new entrants, specially in the pharmaceutical segment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that generic drugs be b ioequivalent to their brand name counterparts, making them serious substitutes. Once a patent expires, generic manufacturers atomic number 18 quick to reverse-engineer the formerly proprietary drugs and sell generic versions at a fraction of the cost.Virtually all the top pharmaceutical companies, Johnson & Johnson included, face an influx of upcoming patent expirations. The impending loss of sales when generic versions of the drugs inevitably manufacture available is a serious threat to the profitability of many players in the industry. For example, Risperdal, a drug for schizophrenia do by a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnsons called Janssen-Cilag, was a significant source of profits, with sales that totaled $3. 5 billion in 2005 and surged 21% percent in the first quarter of 2006, to $1. 2 billion.However, when the patent for Risperdal expired in December of 2007 and became available in generic form in October of 2008, the companys revenue from pharmaceutical sales stagnated. In fact, in July of 2007, Johnson & Johnson announced plans to eliminate up to 4,800 jobs, citing patent expirations as the master(prenominal) motivation to trim the workforce and thus save money. If the company does not prepargon for the toilsome transition between enjoying market exclusivity and losing that security as those patents expire, it will face more negative consequences. 3. The Bargaining Power of Buyers Influence of GenericsIn the pharmaceutical industry, buyers include patients, medical doctors who prescribe drugs, pharmacists, hospital boards, insurance companies, and other health authorities. The bargaining power of patients goes hand in hand with the threat of substitutes. When drugs are patent-protected, pharmaceutical companies enjoy a monopoly where they can set prices to include high profit margins. Since there are few to no substitutes for their products during this time, customers baffle little choice but to pay these prices, especially if their lives depend on the drugs.However, once cheaper, generic versions of the drugs become available, buyers gain more power. Patients switching costs, an important element in determining the bargaining power of buyers, are fairly low, and price-sensitive buyers will likely switch to generic versions once available. Johnson & Johnsons main implement in combating this problem is its strong brand name. Many customers have more trust in brand name products and are willing to pay extra for this perceived security. The other groups within buyers of pharmaceutical products, while fragmented, have more power than patients.Within the American healthcare system, insurance companies and health maintenance companies (HMOs) have considerable bargaining power, as they decide which drugs to endorse and provide. Since they have an involvement in demoralizeing costs, they exert a strong downward pressure on drug prices, partly due to the threat of the availability of generics. European governments national healt hcare systems have a similarly high level of power, if not higher due to strict price controls. Thus, pharmaceutical companies have a quest to establish successful relationships with these groups and market towards them heavily. 4.The Degree of Rivalry Fierce and Changing Competition Competition in the pharmaceutical industry is intense and growing in intensity. While the numerous competitors remain fairly fragmented, mergers and acquisitions have increased rivalry, as the top firms areas of expertise began to overlap. Rivalry is especially intense in virgin markets, such(prenominal) as the pain reliever segment, in which Johnson & Johnson competes with its products Tylenol and Motrin. In growing markets, innovation is a key driver of competition since pharmaceutical companies depend on blockbuster drugs for a large proportion of their revenue.With only one out of every 10,000 discovered drugs approved to be sold, stakes are high to hear the cash cow drugs that recuperate the in creasingly high costs of development. Since me too drugs are not as profitable, innovation drives the race to be first-to-market. While the main competitors in the pharmaceutical industry are concentrated in the United States, Europe, and Japan, an increasing number of players especially generic drug manufacturers are appearing in developing countries, such as China and India. These companies are driving the shift in the industry toward becoming more commoditized.Also, numerous biotech upstarts, which are smaller, more agile, and have lower overhead costs than their conglomerate competitors, are growing in power and taking market share. As the dynamics of the industry change, the established companies will find themselves facing stiff competition from all sides. B. Contextual Environment PEST Analysis A PEST ( governmental, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is a useful tool for understanding the larger environment within which the company operates. Companies can use t his tool to identify a multitude of important aspects of their environments that may impact their businesses. . Political Environment Changing Politics and Policies First, the politics on local, regional, national, or international scales can exert strong forces on businesses. Since Johnson & Johnson operates worldwide, it moldiness keep track of the governmental developments that may affect its business. For example, in the Czech country, health care is the subject of a major political debate. Changes in the healthcare system may affect to whom Johnson & Johnson needs to market, and with whom it needs to negotiate if the company regards its products covered by the Czech healthcare system.Also, Johnson & Johnson should be aware that the Czech state has a weak fan tan that will change in 2010s elections. The company needs to anticipate which policies may shift under the new government. Finally, Johnson & Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic will serve as president of the Council of the European Union for the first six months of 2009. This is the best time for the Johnson & Johnson branch located in the Czech Republic to lobby for any policy changes regarding the companys interests and the business environment. 2.Economic Environment The Crisis and the Euro The economic climate is also important for Johnson & Johnson to analyze in set up to foretell when its business may face challenges, as well as when it can seize an opportunity for growth. Operating in the European Union and larger European community means that Johnson & Johnson has felt the effects of the current economic crisis. Aware of the crisis, the company has been able to plan for its impact, and fortunately, the effects on Johnson & Johnson have not been severe, as medical products remain necessities even in periods of economic downturn.In respect to the Johnson & Johnson branch in the Czech Republic, the economic environment is one that quickly transitioned from a communist, pla n economy to the free market. Though the Czech Republic has embraced free market principles since the fall of the Soviet Union, it is important that Johnson & Johnson recognize that this change was relatively recent, and certain aspects of running(a) in the Czech Republic may still be affected by this history. Finally, discussions surrounding the use of the euro and the benefits and disadvantages of a common currency are debates that Johnson & Johnson should be aware of in this time period.While Slovakia adopted the euro in January 2009, the Czech Republic has kept its own currency. A switch to the euro in the Czech Republic could have a wide range of effects, some positive and some negative, and Johnson & Johnson should understand the implications for its business if that change occurs in the Czech Republic. For example, adopting the euro would make transactions with other countries more convenient, and Johnson & Johnson should be prepared for a possible increase in transactions o r the speed in which transactions take place in order to take advantage of the opportunities this change could provide.It should also be piece for the numerous practical difficulties with tasks such as accounting that may occur with a change in currency. Keeping these economic scenarios in mind is the kind of forward-thinking that is crucial to Johnson & Johnsons success. 3. Social Environment develop Population and Public Health Problems There are two major social changes on the horizon that will both affect Johnson & Johnson as well as provide tremendous opportunities. The first is the ripening population.The gigantic baby boomer generation, consisting of those born between 1946 and 1964, has had a huge social and economic impact on the world since its birth. This trend will quell as the generation is beginning to enter old age. The influx of senior citizens will create huge demands finishedout all realms of medical care. Johnson & Johnson can expect to see increased sales across all three of its segments pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer goods in the coming decades, and must plan production accordingly to be able to meet the needs of this huge generation as they enter their most medically-dependent years.Additionally, in order to cater to the aging population, Johnson & Johnson is pioneering developments in preventative medicine as well as less invasive surgery techniques. Another major social change affecting Johnson & Johnson is the phenomenon of surging rates of various health problems, especially in authentic societies but spreading worldwide, from obesity and diabetes to cancer and mental disorders. Though highly problematic for society, companies in medicine-related industries such as Johnson & Johnson are finding themselves with an increasing number of populate to treat and cure.As a company that invests heavily in research and development, Johnson & Johnson has the opportunity to lead the way in finding ship canal to address these serious public health issues. 4. Technological Environment Promising New Fields As many pharmaceutical drug markets become saturated and the blockbuster drug dodge becomes obsolete due to the major changes occurring in the industry, innovation and breakthrough medical technologies are essential for finding blue oceans in which to compete.Predictive medicine, which entails predicting diseases based on genetics and preventing them, and personalized medicine, which involves managing a patients health based on his or her individual characteristics as opposed to interest the more traditional standards of care model, are growing fields into which Johnson & Johnson can expand. The companys strong emphasis on research and development and its lead in the medical devices and diagnostics segment put it in an excellent position to become a frontrunner in making new discoveries in these hopeful new technological fields. C. Determining Threats and Opportunities 1.Threats The Uneducated Consumer and Mergers and Acquisitions One of the biggest threats facing a company like Johnson & Johnson is the uneducated consumer. Especially within the consumer products and pharmaceuticals markets, with the increasing availability and lower cost of generic products, a key component of continued competitiveness is the discerning consumer who has preferences when it comes to treatment options. Johnson & Johnson must continually work hard to make sure that people are aware of its products and the quality that it ensures through effective branding and promotional practices, as well as consumer education.Patent expirations are also a invariant concern for Johnson & Johnson as proprietary information is an integral part of sustained revenue streams. Mergers and acquisitions (M) present both potential opportunities and threats for Johnson & Johnson. The company has pursued M that have served to expand the companys resources and help penetrate new and diverse markets. For example, Johnson & Johnson recently acquired Mentor Corporation in order to expand its trading operations in to the aesthetic and reconstructive medicine market.Also, an important new medical product called the Fibrin Pad was developed with the cooperation of three Johnson & Johnson-owned subsidiaries. These are just a couple examples of how Johnson & Johnson is able to both grow and innovate through M. On the other hand, M between other companies in the healthcare industry have the potential to flurry Johnson & Johnsons value chain and competitive advantages. Johnson & Johnson must pay close attention to the actions of rival companies in order to maintain its market- loss leader positions and barriers to entry against competitors. 2.Opportunities Research, Synergies, Emerging Markets, and the Aging Population Johnson & Johnsons greatest opportunity is found in its heavy investment in research and development. This is especially important for its medical devices and diagnosti cs and pharmaceutical divisions. It is necessary for the company to be on the leading technological edge when it comes to medical devices to ensure that it can offer the most accurate and up-to-date machines available. As for the pharmaceutical sector, patent expiration and generic drugs demand constant innovation and addition to Johnson & Johnsons pipeline of products for sustained success.Strong pipelines in its pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are a major source of confidence in the companys long-term success. With eight new late-stage compounds in the pharmaceutical sector and the introduction of some(prenominal) new products to new markets in the medical devices sector, Johnson & Johnson seems to be advancing its pipeline quite progressively. It also strives to be a consistently innovative company, and around 40% of its current products have been developed within the last 3-4 years. In 2008, Johnson & Johnson spent $7. billion on research and development. The reinves tment of 11% of sales in to R, versus the industry add up of 3%, demonstrates a source of competitive advantage for the company. Synergies between product branches are yet other source of opportunities for Johnson & Johnson. Through the well-coordinated efforts of its pharmaceutical and consumer products divisions, Johnson & Johnson was able to make the formerly prescribed drug Zyrtec available as an over-the-counter drug, which came to be the companys most successful product launch in 2008.This is yet another example of how the company is able to pool its resources in order to find ways to attain both the needs of both its customers and stakeholders. Other opportunities for Johnson & Johnson are present in emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Its products are currently available to only 25% of the worlds population. However, through its decentralized counsel approach and the adjustment of its products and strategies to match local needs and preferences, J ohnson & Johnson is reaching an ever-increasing consumer base.One method Johnson & Johnson has been able to reach a broader consumer base through is the de-featuring of products, such simplified blood-glucose meters, which allows for plan of attack to lower-income customers and dampens the parasitic effect of cheap substitutes. One final opportunity exists in the demographic trend towards an ageing population. People are living longer, and because of this, new types of medical needs are arising all the time. Many types of medical treatments and surgeries are being developed and becoming more commonplace, such as hip replacements and plastic surgery.Patients want to be able to fix their ailments and expect a quick and uncomplicated recovery afterwards. It is up to Johnson & Johnson to develop and provide the best possible equipment and supplies to do this and fulfill the company promise of customer success. III. Establishing European and Global Opportunities A. Expansion into New Ma rkets Developing Countries Despite the many challenges of working in both the European and global business environments, it is clear that these environments also allow Johnson & Johnson to strengthen and continue to grow its business.With income and living standards on the rise in many European countries such as Turkey and the Czech Republic, where sales have already increased, and across the globe in developing countries like China and India, Johnson & Johnson has many opportunities to sell its products in new markets or expand more in markets it has previously penetrated. In order to take advantage of the broadening market field, Johnson & Johnson has begun to offer products that will appeal to people in less affluent nations. Its objective is clear make products that are affordable for most of the world.To do this, Johnson & Johnson has created de-featured versions of products that can be sold at a lower price, thus becoming accessible to more patients. B. Domestic Market Defens e Competition and Mistakes While Johnson & Johnson expands to serve more customers in new markets, it must also maintain its secure position domestically. Though the consumer segment only accounts for only 25% of its total sales, the company realizes that keeping up its reputation and be a household name will help it as it moves into foreign markets. To put it simply, Johnson & Johnson must remain synonymous with quality, safe products.Next, Johnson & Johnson must be ready to compete with an even greater number of competitors, such as Pfizer, Merck, Novartis and Eli Lilly. Despite being the worlds largest healthcare company, it still faces competition and has run into problems when it has attained the market lead, fully grown too confident in its product, and then lost the lead. Because Johnson & Johnson has twice lost its lead with one particular product, a heart stent, it now seems aware of this problem in its business strategy and therefore will be prepared for similar situati ons as it continue to penetrate new markets.IV. Analyzing Johnson & Johnsons Current survey A. Value Chain Analysis Synergies, Cost Reductions, and Relationships A value chain analysis of Johnson & Johnson reveals several key sources of value generation. Johnson & Johnson consists of 250 companies that operate in 57 countries worldwide. The general nature of its operations and decentralized management practices allow for a high degree of local autonomy and adaptation. This makes Johnson & Johnson very efficient in discovering and reacting to changing consumer demands across the globe.Also, the convergence of knowledge and information from branches across the globe gives the corporation a great advantage in the development of new products and technologies. Flexibility and detailed, location-specific knowledge linked with heavy investments in technology, most notably IT, are the main production-based value drivers of the corporation. They allow for timely, adaptive responses to ch anging needs and the ability to achieve first leader power in emerging markets. Johnson & Johnson is making progress in finding ways to reduce costs.Standardization initiatives in its pharmaceutical sector enabled the company to streamline operations and cut costs by $1. 6 billion in 2008. Cost savings are also created by means of acquisitions. For example, Johnson & Johnsons acquisition of Pfizer Consumer healthcare is expected to generate up to $600 billion in cost synergies by unifying the efforts of the two companies. Johnson & Johnson also emphasizes the importance of relationships with both its consumers and employees in its company church doctrine.A capable and dependable workforce is important for innovation and efficiency in operations for any corporation. The company demonstrates its desire for employee welfare with healthcare services and carefully developed online resources. With an employee turnover ratio of less than 5%, Johnson & Johnson demonstrates that it is cap able of attracting and retaining the right kind of people to help it remain successful. B. Competitive Positioning Differentiation and Resource allocation As stated in the annual report, Johnson & Johnson is a company focused on broad-based human healthcare.It offers a plethora of products throughout its pharmaceutical, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer products divisions. These products are made in response to both local and global consumer demands, representing solutions for many different customer segments. These factors are evidence that Johnson & Johnson has chosen the competitive strategy of differentiation. Using this strategy affords Johnson & Johnson a sense of prestige and quality and this is evident in its pricing practices.However, the company does use competitive pricing strategies and is continually trying to find ways to lower costs without sacrificing quality or reputation. Johnson & Johnson is constantly seeking to expand its product portfolio across al l divisions and spends large amounts of money in R&D to that end. A Johnson & Johnson representative said, Be the first, be the best. This is the most effective way for the company to enter new markets and secure a strong position by being the first to offer the right products in the right locations in a time efficient manner.Johnson & Johnsons ability to perform these actions successfully is due to the sprawling nature of its subsidiaries and the amount of resources dedicated towards making sure that they all work with each other and share information. Johnson & Johnson holds a very strong competitive position versus other corporations due to the amount of its resources and depth of its operations. It is able to maintain its position as market leader in several product categories, as well as penetrate emerging markets, because of its ability to adapt quickly and intelligently.The company must remain vigilant, however, as complacency can result in loss of market share. V. Assessing Effectiveness and Conclusion In todays fast-paced business environment, any firm needs to consistently reevaluate its strategic positioning, but in industries as competitive as the ones in which Johnson & Johnson competes, continual evaluation is vital for long-term success. By any quantitative measures, Johnson & Johnson is a very successful company, and the fact that it has earned a profit for 75 straight years suggests that there is a definite plan for long-term success.The companys famous credo, known as Our credo and written by former chairman Robert W. Johnson in 1943, may have a role in this success. The credo outlines Johnson & Johnsons responsibilities to its customers, employees, communities, and finally its stockholders. It also establishes the principles that guide the company, from making high quality products and recognizing employees merit to protecting the environment and experimenting with new ideas. Johnson & Johnsons credo has endured, unchanged, for over 65 yea rs. While it does not explicitly state long term goals, the principles within it express the companys intrinsic values.According to the companys website, Our Credo is more than just a moral compass. We believe its a recipe for business success. The fact that the Johnson& Johnson is one of only a handful of companies that have flourished through more than a century of change is proof of that. Johnson & Johnson has indeed flourished. It consistently tops the corporate reputation charts and is a role model for social responsibility. Moreover, the company is clearly prepared for the many challenges its ever-changing international business environment poses.Due to its strategic positioning and eye on the future, Johnson & Johnson will likely survive another century. REFERENCES Academic Visit to Johnson & Johnson, Prague, Czech Republic. 2008 Annual Report. Johnson & Johnson Gassman, Oliver, Gerrit Reepmeyer and Maximilian von Zedtwitz. Leading Pharmaceutical Innovation. Springer The G lobal Pharmaceutical Industry. Duke University Mental health drug market tapped out? CNNMoney. com Our Credo Values. Johnson & Johnson. Patent Expirations Behind J&J Cuts, C&T Looks Closer at Patents. Cosmetics and Toiletries

Pirates of Silicon Valley Essay

1. How would you describe both Jobs and supply pattern extremity?a. Internal An innovation process must have a defined goal, mission, and vision to deliver the innovation competitive and victorious. A firm should start with internal planning and move on to the execution of their innovation once goals and objectives have been defined. Steve Jobs was a rebel who built illegal blue boxes and spent his youthful energies pulling pranks that repeatedly got him suspended from superior school. He wasnt a technical genius (that was his partner Steve Wozniak) but he had an intuitive sense of design and usability, and an almost improvisational approach to business decisions. Jobs was, in essence, a jazz musician who relied on his innate creativity, and turned his lack of formal training into a strength rather than a weakness. His vision, to create a computer for ordinary peoples use, seemed wildly far-fetched to most people at the time. Furthermore, IBM laughed at this idea and until now questioned why an ordinary person would consider a computer. Finally, despite being turned down by investors and laughed at for his ideas, Apple was born in his garage, and the Macintosh was born. Jobs believed in closed-systems (or fully-integrated systems), meaning that one troupe designed the computer, the software and all connected devices and peripherals. This belief is what gives Apple products their unique look, and also why Apple products work so well together. Jobs had a successful internal innovation process because he had the technological expertise, a clear vision guiding him to success, and a supportive team that was prepared to work fresh nights and long days to make this vision become a reality. write up gate internal innovation process began with the help of his friend Paul, writing cipher for computers. They eventually dropped out of Harvard to pursue their passion of program and with the invention of BASIC a new vision was born. They got signed by MITS and p revail on _or_ upond competitors, IBM, Xerox, and Apple that they compulsory his expertise to write code for their computers. Once Gates had his foot in the door at Apple, he had access to new code and ideas, which got him thinking he could do it better than Jobs was doing at Apple. He was able to infiltrate and leave unscathed with Apples operational system.Furthermore bypirating his competitors operating systems, he gained enough knowledge and expertise to start his own company, Microsoft. It appears Gates was more unorganized than Jobs in the sense that he lacked proper preparation. He had an incomplete operating system until he stole code from different systems like Xerox and Apple. Consequently, Bill Gates internal innovation process was largely due to replicating other companies code. Although this was a dishonest plan, he succeeded by tricking his competitors and ultimately joined Apples team in the end, keeping his project hidden on the side. b. External External innovati on involves enhancing or adding to something that already exists. In Jobs case, he is creating the first personal computer as opposed to creating the first computer. In Gates case, he is enhancing the computer with programming and integrating a language for computers that already exist. Steve Jobs main external pressures in his innovation process were his competitors. While he did non notice it at the time, his biggest competitor, Bill Gates, was pirating his software behind his back. Steve Wozniak also quit at one point because of Jobs poor leadership and self-obsession. Jobs demanded too much(prenominal) of his workers and in return his company detest working for him. Ultimately, Jobs succeeded in his external innovation process but at the cost of losing friends, and good employees.Unlike Steve Jobs, Bill Gates was more successful through and through his external innovation process. The Microsoft model was a product of imitating his competitors. Bill Gates convinced his competi tors that they indispensable his talents and in return he gained invaluable knowledge. He did not collapse under pressure and stayed humble throughout his success to ultimately take advantage of his competitors and land on top.2. For both internal and external eruditeness of technology, how was implementation handled? What areas were Jobs and Gates Hardware and Software particularly lacking?Implementation was handled fairly well by both Jobs and Gates. Although they did not have much of a written plan they still seemed to have a plan of what they wanted to do with the information they knew, and in what direction, more or less, they wanted to go in. Jobs had a somewhat fairlywell thought out plan in the sense that he went around everywhere for loans and eventually changed his image in couch to better his chances. Luck also struck Jobs when the investor came to his garage and offered him a $250,000 investment to help him with the Apple Computers. Jobs implemented his first innovati on, Lisa through Apple. He had reputable indubitable assets including capital, technology, office space, and many technicians. While the technicians were vital assets to Jobs, they were being over worked and were under appreciated. Throughout the movie it is clear that there was a negative company polish emerging, which inversely impacted his intangible assets. Jobs narcissistic personality got him punched in the face at one point. This displays how Apple workers disliked Jobs as a leader and were unendingly on edge from lack of sleep and high expectations. The film portrayed Bill Gates as a superior leader than Jobs because he remained patriotic to his team throughout the film.Beginning in his garage and eventually moving towards a partnership with Apple, Gates was able to continuously motivate his team and keep morale high. He focused on engaging his team and explained to competitors how they needed his expertise to create a programming language. Gates gained all the resources he needed through gaining access to his competitors software and ended with great a implementation process for Microsoft. In both of their implementation processes, they lacked a bit of control and awareness. Gates had somewhat better control and awareness in the sense that he saw the flaws in Jobs reign. Jobs (once Apple computers became bigger than just two guys in a garage) was not fully aware of what he was congruous and what he was doing to his company internally. He had two different sides in his company competing against each other and he also treated his employees like machines rather than people. Gates (along with Jobs friend Wise) was aware of this problem and helped Jobs overcome it.3. How well did Jobs and Gates understand the environment in which they were exhausting to compete? What specific areas challenged their chance of success in the environment?In understanding the environment that Gates and Jobs were competing in, they understood it very well. Both Steve Jobs and Bill Gates had extensiveknowledge about building and coding computers. Jobs had a vision of giving the public access to computers. He was very knowledgeable in starting signal Apple and turning his vision into reality. Similarly, Gates was skilled in computer programming and was able to build Microsoft with the help of his competitors. Steve Jobs main challenge was dealing with employees and becoming a true leader. He was forced to grow up very quickly and without the experience, his image as a leader suffered. In one cyclorama of the movie, Jobs walks into an interview barefoot and tells the candidate that he does not belong at Apple and then makes inappropriate personal attacks. This lack of professionalism shows that Jobs did not have managerial skills or leadership experience. On the other hand, it is clear Gates had business experience or had at least studied business topics. Gates knew how much he could get away with. His sneakiness got him the information he needed but at the expense of jeopardizing his integrity. Gates understood that he needed to convince people (IBM) that they not only did not have what he was offering and creating, but that they needed what he was offering. The areas that challenged their chance of success in the environment were consumers and IBM. IBM give tongue to no one would use personal computers because average everyday people had no use for one. It was key that Gates knew how to sell his ideas and products, even if they hadnt even been produced or built yet. Finally, while both had extensive computer technology knowledge, Jobs lacked personal business skills and Gates lacked a defined plan of action. They both knew they were on to something bigger than the both of them and this is not always an easy idea to cope with.

Critical Lens

The assumeing reference, Sometimes trouble is more beneficial than supremacy is a bold and eccentric statement to make, just now it is indeed rightful(a). In my view, success is largely dependent on how we fail since it is what breeds learning and new understanding. It is impossible to be perfect in macrocosmner and not to have committed a single mistake. Obstacles constantly present themselves, challenging and sometimes hindering our ability to oercome them at first. Although it may reveal our weakness, failure undoubtedly builds character and allows us to become what we ideally wish to be.The following puzzle outs of literary workss, The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, demonstrate how failure pushes the protagonists of all(prenominal) individual story and provides a stepping st genius toward reaching their goal. In The Alchemist, Santiago falls to several(prenominal) disheartening events, but they enable him to pick himself back up and contin ue on with the rest of his travel from Andalusia to the pyramids in Egypt. For instance, when Santiago arrives in the market town of Tangier, a thief robs him of his money for his pilgrimage, forcing him to seek work at a crystal shop.During his time there, Santiago learns the workings of a business and encourages the merchant to takes risks. These risks in conclusion pay off and Santiago becomes a rich man in just a year. The true test, however, for Santiago came with the passing of the waste, which is an important symbol in the book. With its harsh conditions and tribal wars, the depopulate is symbolic of the overserious bafflingies that await anyone in pursuit of reaching their goal or Personal Legend, but it also serves as an important teacher to Santiago during his journey to the pyramids.More than the desert heat, the deserts dull and unsheathed state test Santiago, as it diminishes his confidence at times. As Santiago learns, however, he break offs that even the deser t contains carriage and the Soul of the World. Santiago begins to understand his environment and to see the signs of life in what seems to be a wasteland. This prep ars him for the colossalest test of all to connect with the desert in an effort to become the wind. In the end, he does succeed, propelling him forward to reach his destination.In Frankenstein, victor Frankenstein becomes consumed by the desire to discover the secret of life and, after several years of research, becomes convinced that he has found it. Equipped with the knowledge, he spends countless months over creating a creature out of old body parts. The symbols of light and fire, which atomic number 18 constantly brought up end-to-end Victors experimentations, represent his knowledge and disco precise. Victor experiences several failures, breaking him physically and deteriorating his health, but his finale strengthened.He wise to(p) about the errors he was making that caused him to fail, and with this, he fina lly brings his creation to life one climatic night. When he looks at the monstrosity that he has created, however, the sight horrifies him. In this case, light represents danger, as Victors act of creation eventually upshots in the destruction of everyone dear to him. The characters of Santiago and Victor Frankenstein are two perfect examples as to why failure is needed in order to succeed. From these books, it is immortalisen that success is genuinely the progressive understanding of pre-determined goals, while the very journey is what makes or breaks us.Both Santiago and Victor do face failures in their journeys toward achieving their dream, but without failing, they would have made not learned from their mistakes and gained an experience from it. Although the end result of Victors failures worked against him and Santiagos failures allowed him to lead a life of success, what is most important from these experiences is the lesson learned and knowledge gained. This is what makes Victor and Santiago successful as the end result is not what matters most, but the amount of money of effort and ability to rise from failure in order to reach ones goal. minute Lens accord to Seneca, a Roman philosopher, The bravest sight in the world is to see a smashing man essay against adversity. In other words, the boldest thing in this world is to see an honorable mortal fighting against contingency, and never give up. I agree with this statement because it happens in real life and in literature. A man who goes against tragedy caused by record, human or himself is considered great and honorable. Two works of literature that illustrate the quote as I have explained it are Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and shadow by Elie Wiesel.Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is a unattackable example of this statement because the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, ensures his survival through storms, enslavement, and twenty-eight year isolation on a desert island. Robinson is twain the narrator and protagonist of the novel. The major conflict in this novel is Crusoe shipwrecked alone, forcing him to grapple for himself and his basic needs. He lost his only shoplifter, Friday. He struggles between hardships, loneliness in his attempt to endure on a desert island.Crusoe was fighting alone against the force of nature and his own inner fears. Night by Elie Wiesel is a good example of this statement because the protagonist struggles with Nazi persecution and with his own faith in God and in humanity. It is written in first persons point of view. Fire appears throughout the novel as a symbol of the Nazis cruel power comes against humanity. The rising action is Eliezers journey through the heterogeneous concentration camps and the subsequent deterioration of his father and himself. The climax is when his father died.This cause Eliezers eternal conflict, he was now alone by himself, struggling to maintain faith in a generous god, tranquilize and cruelty towards other human. In conclusion, it is clear that in both Robinson Crusoe and Night the characters discover The bravest sight in the world is to see a great man struggling against adversity. A great man who fights against misfortune is considered as the bravest sight in the world. Both Robinson and Eliezer experienced misfortune that caused by nature and human. They lost their sponsorer and family members, but they did not give up. They were struggling against it and gain victory at the end. precise Lens fit to J. F. Clarke, The bravest of individuals is the one who obeys his or her conscience. In other words, people are only really brave when they follow their own sense of goodness instead of following others. This idea is clearly unmixed in the novels A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks and Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck. The quote is exemplified in both novels by the literary element of theme. In A Walk to Remember, Landon Carter be fighters unpopular Jamie Sullivan. In Of Mice a nd Men, George kills his friend Lennie to spare him from a horrific and horrible murder.In A Walk to Remember, Jamie Sullivan is an unpopular, religious girl who gets crucify constantly for her beliefs. common Landon Carter befriends her, and asks her on a date to the homecoming dance at school. His friends tease him for this, but he knows that Jamie is a genuinely good person, and although his friends think differently, he is doing the right thing. The two develop a kindred. Eventually, Jamie confesses that she has an incurable degree of leukemia, and is dying. Landon watches her get more ill, but he stays with her as often as he can, and tries to help in any way he can.After Jamie dies, he looks back and realizes that by following his conscience, his life has changed. The theme love conquers all relates to both the quote and the novel. Landon and Jamies love for each other changes both of their lives. Throughout Jamies illness, Landon learns a jalopy about himself and life, and his bravery allows him to do that. In Of Mice and Men, George faces a difficult decision. Georges best friend, Lennie, accidentally kills Curleys wife, and he leaves the ranch.When Curley, the boss of the ranchs son, discovers the death of his wife, he puts together a mob and sets out to find Lennie and shoot him in his guts. George knows that this pull up stakes be very painful and agonizing, and he is not sure what to do. He ultimately decides to kill Lennie himself by shooting him in the back of the head. George meets Lennie by the pool of the Salinas River, and tells him his favorite story, the story of the farm. As soon as Lennie is calm, George shoots him. He knows that sidesplitting him this way will be instant and without pain. George feels that he is doing the right thing y sparing his friend of pain. The theme of loyalty and have relates to the quote and novel. Georges loyalty to his friend forces him to sacrifice him. This takes a lot of courage, but by doing this he is sparing his friend of extreme suffering. People are only unfeignedly brave when they follow their own sense of goodness. Landons bravery allows him to have a great relationship and gain knowledge about life. Georges bravery spares his friend of a painful death. Both novels show that the best form of bravery is when a person follows their conscience.Critical LensAccording to Seneca, a Roman philosopher, The bravest sight in the world is to see a great man struggling against adversity. In other words, the boldest thing in this world is to see an honorable person fighting against misfortune, and never give up. I agree with this statement because it happens in real life and in literature. A man who goes against tragedy caused by nature, human or himself is considered great and honorable. Two works of literature that illustrate the quote as I have explained it are Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and Night by Elie Wiesel.Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is a good example of this st atement because the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, ensures his survival through storms, enslavement, and twenty-eight year isolation on a desert island. Robinson is both the narrator and protagonist of the novel. The major conflict in this novel is Crusoe shipwrecked alone, forcing him to fend for himself and his basic needs. He lost his only friend, Friday. He struggles between hardships, loneliness in his attempt to survive on a desert island.Crusoe was fighting alone against the force of nature and his own inner fears. Night by Elie Wiesel is a good example of this statement because the protagonist struggles with Nazi persecution and with his own faith in God and in humanity. It is written in first persons point of view. Fire appears throughout the novel as a symbol of the Nazis cruel power comes against humanity. The rising action is Eliezers journey through the various concentration camps and the subsequent deterioration of his father and himself. The climax is when his father d ied.This cause Eliezers eternal conflict, he was now alone by himself, struggling to maintain faith in a generous god, silence and cruelty towards other human. In conclusion, it is clear that in both Robinson Crusoe and Night the characters discover The bravest sight in the world is to see a great man struggling against adversity. A great man who fights against misfortune is considered as the bravest sight in the world. Both Robinson and Eliezer experienced misfortune that caused by nature and human. They lost their friend and family members, but they did not give up. They were struggling against it and gain victory at the end.Critical LensAccording to J. F. Clarke, The bravest of individuals is the one who obeys his or her conscience. In other words, people are only truly brave when they follow their own sense of goodness instead of following others. This idea is clearly evident in the novels A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks and Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck. The quote i s exemplified in both novels by the literary element of theme. In A Walk to Remember, Landon Carter befriends unpopular Jamie Sullivan. In Of Mice and Men, George kills his friend Lennie to spare him from a horrific and painful murder.In A Walk to Remember, Jamie Sullivan is an unpopular, religious girl who gets teased constantly for her beliefs. Popular Landon Carter befriends her, and asks her on a date to the homecoming dance at school. His friends tease him for this, but he knows that Jamie is a genuinely good person, and although his friends think differently, he is doing the right thing. The two develop a relationship. Eventually, Jamie confesses that she has an incurable form of leukemia, and is dying. Landon watches her get more ill, but he stays with her as often as he can, and tries to help in any way he can.After Jamie dies, he looks back and realizes that by following his conscience, his life has changed. The theme love conquers all relates to both the quote and the nove l. Landon and Jamies love for each other changes both of their lives. Throughout Jamies illness, Landon learns a lot about himself and life, and his bravery allows him to do that. In Of Mice and Men, George faces a difficult decision. Georges best friend, Lennie, accidentally kills Curleys wife, and he leaves the ranch.When Curley, the boss of the ranchs son, discovers the death of his wife, he puts together a mob and sets out to find Lennie and shoot him in his guts. George knows that this will be very painful and agonizing, and he is not sure what to do. He ultimately decides to kill Lennie himself by shooting him in the back of the head. George meets Lennie by the pool of the Salinas River, and tells him his favorite story, the story of the farm. As soon as Lennie is calm, George shoots him. He knows that killing him this way will be instant and without pain. George feels that he is doing the right thing y sparing his friend of pain. The theme of loyalty and sacrifice relates to the quote and novel. Georges loyalty to his friend forces him to sacrifice him. This takes a lot of courage, but by doing this he is sparing his friend of extreme suffering. People are only truly brave when they follow their own sense of goodness. Landons bravery allows him to have a great relationship and gain knowledge about life. Georges bravery spares his friend of a painful death. Both novels show that the best form of bravery is when a person follows their conscience.

Social Structures

Social structure theories are based on relationships or bonds. A good casing of a social structure would be family counseling. This is where families would learn to bond and work together. Community events such as team events or social gatherings can become part of the social structure that helps to mold juveniles cosmos involved in arbitrary social functions is important in the development of a youth. So in my community the Youth Sports program will be a good example of social structure. Because this involves two juveniles and families it provides the ability to have closer relationship with both family and community.Social process theories go rights along with both the conflict and the social theory. It is a learned behavior one that often comes from watching siblings or parents ostentation tier patterns of behavior. A public program that exemplifies this again would be the Boys and Girls club. These clubs are designed to create positive environments for children and youth to spend time learning sports and positive interactions. Social conflict theories definition, what the cause of crime is and how does political economy play a part in this theory. Social economics do play a cypher in how juveniles are treated in the system after committing a crime.In a poor people neighborhood if a youth steals a TV they are quite often convicted and sent to recent detention. A juvenile from a more affluent neighborhood may only be brought into accost and considered indiscretions. How the countys juvenile programs would treat the two social groups differently. This happens with both youth and adults. The juvenile system would be an example of this social structure theory and how the conflict between social groups is treated in the system. late detention is the countys number one way in which to denture criminal behavior.

Consider the contribution creative development Essay

Consider the contri stillion creative using may assume to the education of young boorren, illustrating your discussion with explicit examples of an activity/activities you planned in babys room and making clear reference to the Early Learning Goals.Critically analyse at least star activity giving attention to content, organisation, your role, the appropriateness of the activity and the quality of kidrens experience in congener to your planned intentions. You should make clear and explicit reference to the response of at least one child if possible, identifying targets for their future needs.ContentsEssay p 2-6According to HMI (DES 198517, cited in Rodger 1999, p. 128) creative development is concerned with, the potentiality to respond emotionally and intellectually to sensory experience the aw beness of degrees of quality and the appreciation of beauty and seaworthiness for purpose.Creativity allows children and adults to pull ideas and feelings in a personal and unique app earance. Although being creative can be seen as a uniquely human characteristic, if children are to develop their abilities in this area they must be provided with the opportunities that allow them to explore and experiment helping them to gain confidence to express their ideas in a way which is uniquely their own. This is facilitated in the nursery classroom where a rich and stimulating environment is provided helping children to convey and develop their creative ideas supported by sensitive and responsive adults.The Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation coif (2000) states how creative development contributes to the education of young children. Creativity is fundamental to successful learning. Being creative enables children to make connections between one area of learning and another and so extend their understanding. (p. 116)Creative development covers frame of different put ins, including art, music, dance, role-play and imaginative play. For the purpose of this essay I im part be looking at the subject of art, and two art (creative) activities planned and taught whilst on placement in a nursery setting.Peter (1996) stated that in order for teachers to plan appropriate art experiences, contributing to the education of young children, they need to be able to identify the general stage of development in art, that their pupils are at. Peter suggested that there are four-spot stages of development in art, the Scribbling Stage that occurs between the ages of six months and four, the Pre-Schematic/ Symbolic Stage between the ages of four and seven, the Schematic/ Emerging Analytic Stage that occurs between the ages of seven an nine and the Stage of Visual world/ Analytic Stage that occurs between the ages of nine and twelve. As we are focussing on art in the early years the stage of most relevance is the Scribbling Stage from six months to four years.The Scribbling Stage is the earlier form of artistic expression and is usually characterised by mark maki ng which becomes more controlled as the child develops. At the dumbfoundning of this stage scribbling is random and is done with either hand and their concentration span is short. The determine to the child is having the tactile experience and practicing the physical action from the shoulder. As the child develops the scribbling becomes more controlled and a chain of mountains and push action is used, rather than a whole arm movement. As children use smaller actions they begin to use a variety of marks, such as straight lines and curves when drawing and painting.When printmaking children will manipulate materials that will make impressions, make marks with body parts and print with objects and found sources. When making collages children will frequently observe and spread glue on to a surface and place prepared items in an strong arrangement. Children in this stage are also developing sculpture and 3D skills, manipulating rigid and malleable materials, boundary line simple sha pes and sticking found objects together. As childrens learning and skills develop they move through the stages, but to ensure children are motivated a balance is needed between familiar activities in which they express themselves confidently and new activities to present them with fresh challenges.

Racism in Roll of Thunder Essay

Mildred Taylors remarkable novel, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, annotates, portrays, and demonstrates the vivid image of the grotesque race prejudice, effectively, that the African Americans experienced in the 1930s, during the American Depression. In Taylors enthralling novel, racism comes across as a major and influential theme as the novel progresses and revolves around a boyish girl, Cassie Logan, who matures with racial conflict around her. Racism is apparent from the beginning of the novel.It is depicted from the beginning that African Americans are case-hardened terribly, and they must work extremely hard, to earn the money they need to provide their family, with shelter, and food. pappa must work away from home to earn himself a good salary to keep the Logans own land, rather than working as sharecroppers on someone elses land. The second example of the callous segregation is evident, as it is seen that the elite unobjectionable community have transport to school, wh ile the harshly treated African Americans are deprived of this service, and are forced to walk to school.Also, the ovalbumins are inconsiderate, intentionally splashing spoil on the blacks clothes. The Berrys burnings is a significant incident revealing the cruel manner the white community behave towards the African Americans, burning them taking a match to them, without any justifiable reason, personation the un standardisedness between the people. At school, an important instance of racism takes break through, when the students of the black school, The Great Faith round-eyed School, received new books. These books were in the poorest condition, as they were the left-overs of the whites.The inside cover of the books were highly provocative, both insulting and revolting to the African Americans, using repulsive comments to describe their race such as nigra. The law also seems to be in favour of the white community, showing the extensive segregation between the whites and bla cks. It is evident when Mr. Morrison explains why he lost his job Mr. Morrison was blamed in a fight with the whites, although it wasnt his fault. There are rarely any whites who are friendly with the whites, and those who are, are despised.This is the case with Jeremy, who walks to school everyday with the blacks. He is often bullied, mocked, and frustrate at school, and is beaten at home. The abhorrence of the underprivileged blacks by the whites is remarkably large, throughout the novel. As the novel progresses it is seen that Papa tries to explain to Stacey to hang out less with Jeremy, We Logans striket have much to do with the white folks. You know why? Papa says, believing that whites and blacks will never really be friends, stimulate white folks mean trouble, with this it also demonstrates hatred between the two races.The intensity of racial discrimination is massive when TJ talks about the night men. The whites tarred and feathered him, making the African Americans fe el inferior treating them of no value and worthless. Cassie, herself, is a victim of one of the racism incidents. On her visit to Strawberry, she is forced to apologize repeatedly to Lillian Jean, a white, humiliating herself greatly. Even her family, who are strong-willed, cannot prevent such things from happening trying to stay away from consequences. Cassie is mentally hurt after this situation.Racist comments are at is summit as the layer progresses. Kaleb Wallace, to Mr. Morrison, sputtered, You big black nigger, I oughta cut your heart out for what you done My brothers laid up like they is and you still runnin around free as a white man. Downright sinful, thats what it is Why? I oughta gun you down right where you sit. This quote shows the filthy comments the whites use towards the blacks. As the story nears its conclusion, TJ gets influenced by the white community, and gets into stealing. TJ goes to a Barnetts store with his white friends, to get himself the pearl handed pistol.At the shop, the whites wearing a mask kill Mr. Barnett, a white man. TJ Avery is immediately entirely blamed for the sequence of events. This shows, again, the law in much favour of the whites as the police dont even look into the issue they dont care who is guilty, but immediately find a black man to blame. If the roles had been reversed, circumstances and the events that took place would have been completely different. The whites simply want to punish some blacks, and they can do so easily, as no one dares to stop them.Throughout the story, there are several racist remarks passed to the African Americans accentuation the conditions they faced. Life for the African Americans in the 1930s was completely unjust. Judgment based solely on strong-arm appearance exists, to date, and is still a controversial issue.

Ecology Paper Review Essay

It is necessary to note that information provided on both sites is kinda interesting and important, because it reflects the latest events and trends in ecological issues. Both sites are devoted to ecological problems discussing climatic changes, globose warming, birds migrations, etc. for example, it is interesting to know that, according to the National Climatic Data Centre, the year of 2006 is considered the warmest year in the United States, though in the global context 2006 takes only the sixth place.It is mentioned that the previous warmest years in the UA was ranked 1998 caused by El Nino exacerbated warming. El Nino appeared this year and caused the effect of global warming leading meteorologic offices to predict that worldwide average tempts would hit a new high in 2007. (Warming Trends 2007)According to statistics the hottest 10 years noted in geniuss have been logged since 2004 The past nine years have all been among the 25 warmest years on record for the contiguous U.S ., a streak which is unprecedented in the historical record. According to reporter from New York Times, global warming becomes a fundamental factor affecting yearbook climate reports meaning that global warming is one of the serious problems not only in the USA, solely in the rest of the world. (Warming Trends 2007)It is necessary to underline the article Poverty & the Environment providing discussion of economic and environmental injustice. For example, the author thinks that poverty and environmental degradation are combined factors characterizing the USA. Certainly, the lower income the family has, the higher the chances to be heart-to-heart to toxins either at home or at work.Apparently, low-income families have greater risk to develop bronchial asthma or cancer caused by environmental factors. Not all families are able to afford rock-loving food and safe outdoor spaces. Furthermore, such families are more vulnerable to human-made tragedies and natural disasters. The author says that the beat consequences of environmental degradation are visited on the homes, workplaces, families, and bodies of the poor. Nowadays more than 12% of the US cosmos is behind the poverty line. (Poverty & the Environment 2006)ReferencesPoverty & the Environment. (2006, February 13). Retrieved January 11, 2007, from http//www.grist.org/news/maindish/2006/02/13/pate/index.htmlWarming Trends. (2007). Retrieved January 11, 2007, from http//www.sierraclub.org/ reaching/

The Duchess - Mnage trios and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Duchess - Mnage trios and Morality - Essay ExampleThe film The Duchess directed by Saul Dibb based on Amanda Foremans biography of the controversial socialite Georgina Cavendish, the Duchess of Devonshire, entails her very remark able-bodied yet infamous marital arrangements for which, the most interesting clean-living conflict with regards to marriage can be drawn and is best suitable for further analysis. In the film, Georgina Cavendish (played by Keira Knightley) was portrayed as a fashion-oriented and gambling patron yet intelligent and politically-inclined woman later regrettably entrapped in marriage with William Cavendish, the 5th Duke of DevonshirIndeed, a handful of reasons can be assumed in novel times as valid justifications for her to separate from her husband. Such include the various intimate affairs of the Duke, whiz of which even bore an offspring whom Georgina cared for as her own, her misery being that her role as a wife was deduced to her capability of bear ing a son, and last but not the least, his husbands affair with Lady Elizabeth Foster, the closest takeoff rocket of Georgina to which was described in the film as Georginas sole comfort. The affair key outmed to be beyond sexual reasons since the Duke ref accustomd to banish Lady Elizabeth upon Georginas knowledge of the affair and even insisted that she get with him despite Georginas presence in the residence. This is where the moral conflict arises and it is best described in the phrase of mnage trios.Mnage trios literally means household of three in French... Despite the already miserable situation, the Duke refused her agreement for separation in order for her to legitimately start a relationship with Charles Grey for whom she had genuine feelings for. Even worse, the Duke threatened of banning her from seeing her children if she continued to see Grey. Georgina chose to be with her children however, she was apparently pregnant with Greys daughter. In the end, the Duke decide d that Greys family should take the responsibility of raising the child for which Georgina was only able to visit in discretion. The story of Georgina serves as an inspiration and leads us to assess whether an individuals passive approval of a marital arrangement of mnage trios is morally right or wrong for the sake of being able to live with ones children. We shall do so through the differing Immanuel Kants theory on morality in his written work empower Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) and John Stuart Mills work on Utilitarianism (1861). But before we move on, we should clarify that the point of reckon that in upon agreeing with the marital arrangement, Georgina was unable to live with her daughter fathered by Grey in return, since Georgina was able to see and visit, therefore to be with, the child though in discretion.Immanuel Kant is known for being completely un-utilitarian3 because of his ..rejection of gaiety of desires as a ground for morals4. In addition, h e believes that the basis for actions to be moral is its aspect of covenant because men are capable of reason stating further that ..reasons proper function must be to prove a will good in itself..5. Moreover, an action should not be based solely upon the use